Direct and Indirect Speech

 Directed and Indirect Speech 

👉Notes on Direct and Indirect Speech 

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
Simple present She said, “I go to temple every day.”	Simple Past She said (that) she went to temple every day.
Simple past She said, “I went to temple every day.”	Past Perfect She said (that) she had gone to temple every day.
Present perfect She said, “I have gone to temple every day.”	Past perfect She said (that) she had gone to temple every day.
Present Continuous She said, “I am going to temple every day.”	Past continuous She said (that) she was going to the temple every day.
Past continuous She said, “I was going to temple every day.”	Perfect continuous She said (that) she had been going to temple every day.
Future (will) She said, “I will go to temple every day.”	Would +verb name She said (that) she would go to temple every day.
Future (going to) She said, “I am going to temple every day.”	Present progressive She said (that) she is going to temple every day Past progressive She said (that) she was going to temple every day.
DIRECT SPEECH	INDIRECT SPEECH
Auxiliary+ verb name She said, “Do you go to temple every day?”  She said, “where do you go to temple?”	Simple past She asked me if I went to temple every day. She asked me where I went to temple.
Imperative She said, “Go to temple every day.”	Infinitive She said to go to temple every day.

The situation changes when say is used instead of said. In this case, the verb usually remains the same.

DIRECT SPEECH	INDIRECT SPEECH
Simple present +simple present She says, “I go to temple every day.”	Simple Present + Simple Present She says (that) she goes to temple every day.
Present perfect +simple present She has said, “I go to temple every day.”	Present perfect + simple present She has said (that) she goes to temple every day.
Past continuous + simple past She was saying, “I went to temple every day.”	Past continuous + simple past She was saying (that) she went to temple every day. Past continuous + past perfect She was saying (that) she had gone to temple every day.
Future + simple present She will say, “I go to temple every day.”	Future + simple present She will say (that) she goes to temple every day.

Sometimes, modal constructions are used when the verb is said. In such case, we use the form of the modal that has a past meaning is used. Look at the example given below:

DIRECT SPEECH	INDIRECT SPEECH
Can	Could
May	Might
Must	Had to
Should	Should
Ought to	Ought to

Becomes (Vice- versa)

Remember:

When you are asked with Yes/No question in Direct Speech, you have to construct the sentence using If/Whether.If you are asked with WH question in direct speech, and then use the WH to introduce the clause.

The word expressing nearness of time/place is changed into words showing distance. Look at the example given below:

Now	Becomes	then
This	Becomes	That
Here	Becomes	there
These	Becomes	Those
Hence	Becomes	Thence
Hither	Becomes	Thither
Thus	Becomes	So
Ago	Becomes	Before
Come	Becomes	Go
Today	Becomes	That day
Yesterday	Becomes	The previous day
Tonight	Becomes	That night
Last night	Becomes	The previous night
Tomorrow	Becomes	The next day